- Dry scalp: fine, white, dry flakes and a tight feeling.
- Dandruff: larger, oily, yellowish flakes on an oilier scalp.
- The care is different: hydrating versus cleansing and balancing.
- Red, inflamed patches or thick plaques may be eczema or psoriasis.
The difference at a glance
- Dry scalp: small, white, dry flakes that come off easily. The scalp feels tight, often your skin elsewhere too. Worse in winter or after frequent washing.
- Dandruff: larger, slightly oily, yellowish or white flakes that stick to the hair or scalp. Your hair gets greasy quickly. It often itches, sometimes with some redness.
What causes a dry scalp?
A dry scalp lacks moisture and sebum. Typical causes are cold, dry weather, central heating, very hot water, washing too often or a harsh shampoo. Sensitive skin or stress also play a part. A dry scalp is not contagious and not a sign of poor hygiene.
What causes dandruff?
Dandruff is caused by faster renewal of scalp cells, often combined with lots of sebum and a yeast that naturally lives on the skin (Malassezia). In some people the scalp reacts more strongly to it. Stress, hormones and the season can make dandruff worse. Dandruff has nothing to do with poor hygiene either.
What helps a dry scalp?
- Wash less often, with lukewarm rather than hot water.
- Choose a mild, hydrating shampoo without harsh sulphates.
- Use a nourishing scalp mask or oil from time to time.
- Avoid lots of dry shampoo and heat.
What helps dandruff?
- Wash regularly so sebum and flakes do not build up.
- An anti-dandruff shampoo from the pharmacy can help; leave it on for a few minutes.
- A gentle scalp scrub or peel loosens flakes.
- Limit heavy styling products that clog the pores.
Do you see red, inflamed patches with greasy yellow flakes, often at the hairline, behind the ears or beside the nose? That may be seborrhoeic dermatitis. Thick, silvery plaques with sharp edges point more to psoriasis. Have this checked by your doctor or dermatologist.
How NASU can help
Not sure what your scalp needs? In a scalp and hair analysis we take a close look at your scalp. Then we choose the right treatment together: a deep, balancing cleanse for dandruff and an oily scalp, soothing care for an itchy, sensitive scalp or our specialised treatment for eczema and psoriasis. Everything is at our hair and scalp centre.
Not sure what your scalp needs?
Take the free Scalp Check: 6 questions, 1 minute, and you get personal advice right away. Or book a scalp & hair analysis (40 min · €55).
Frequently asked questions
Is dandruff contagious?
No. Dandruff and a dry scalp are not contagious and have nothing to do with poor hygiene.
Can I have dandruff and a dry scalp at the same time?
Yes, for example if you wash an oily scalp too harshly. That is why an analysis helps: you treat the real cause.
Does a head spa help with dandruff?
A head spa deep-cleanses the scalp, loosens flakes and rebalances the scalp. For a lasting result, combine it with the right routine at home.
This article is general information, not medical advice. NASU offers cosmetic scalp care and does not diagnose. With sudden, severe or persistent symptoms, please see your GP or dermatologist.
